RIYADH: Artificial intelligence is redefining music, opening up new opportunities to create, innovate, and preserve cultural legacies. From composing new melodies to recreating the voices of late artists, AI sits at the intersection of technology and artistry.

According to Alice Eldridge, Thor Magnusson, and Chris Kiefer in their paper, 鈥淎rtificial intelligence in music and performance: A subjective art-research inquiry,鈥� AI leverages machine learning to analyze patterns in music, enabling it to compose, mimic, or adapt musical styles.

Technologies such as generative adversarial networks refine outputs to make them more lifelike, while natural language processing aids in creating lyrics and melodies. The researchers say these tools are integral to interactive music systems, where AI becomes a collaborative partner in the creative process.

Musician Atheer Al-Amoudi views AI鈥檚 creative potential as revolutionary. 鈥淎I is becoming unstoppable in various fields, and the outcomes are undeniably mind-blowing,鈥� Al-Amoudi told Arab News.

鈥淚ts limitlessness makes the wildest thoughts of creativity easier to actually produce. If an artist wished to collaborate with another artist but they were unreachable, they can use AI to bring this to life.鈥�

Although such technological leaps are transformative for the production of music, they do throw up concerns about plagiarism and copyright infringement. 鈥淭here must be a form of consent or at least a disclaimer stating that the actual artist has been replicated,鈥� Al-Amoudi said.

Indeed, while AI can spark creativity, its potential for misuse is concerning. 鈥淎I could become a shortcut for lazy artists, where they sell their voice input and let editors produce whatever music they want,鈥� Al-Amoudi said.

鈥淚t鈥檚 not as authentic, but the shortcut has its benefits for certain projects.鈥�

One especially powerful application in AI-generated music is when it is used to recreate the voices of late singers by drawing upon their body of work.

鈥淭he only aspect where AI can create deep emotional music is when it uses the vocals of a deceased singer,鈥� Al-Amoudi said. 鈥淚t鈥檚 really moving, and you can鈥檛 help but wonder how that singer would feel about it, and if they would sing it the same way AI is doing it.鈥�

AI in music depends on various advanced technologies, including machine learning, voice synthesis, and generative adversarial networks. These systems analyze and recreate everything from rhythm and harmony to unique vocal traits.

Voice synthesis and cloning, for example, involve training AI on recordings of an artist鈥檚 voice to replicate their tone, pitch, and intonation. Models like generative adversarial networks refine these replications, ensuring they sound natural and authentic.

This integration of AI technologies was recently used to recreate the voice of Saudi musician and composer Talal Maddah for his daughter Nagham鈥檚 wedding 鈥� a project that demonstrated the ability of AI to preserve and honor cultural heritage.

鈥淚nitially, when I met with the bride, she hadn鈥檛 even considered the idea of using one of her father鈥檚 songs for her wedding,鈥� music designer Nasser Al-Ojan told Arab News.

鈥淪he was only planning to walk down the aisle to instrumental music. I suggested that her father should somehow be present with her at this special moment. She asked, 鈥楬ow?鈥� That鈥檚 when the idea of using AI came to me.鈥�

The process was both technical and deeply emotional. 鈥淐reating such a precise outcome is one of the most challenging tasks,鈥� Al-Ojan said. 鈥淔irst, we used 59 songs by Talal Maddah to isolate his voice across all the vocal ranges he had sung in. This was necessary to replicate his vocal signature accurately.

鈥淭he process involved extracting his voice from these songs at various pitches, so when the software works on highs or lows, it mimics the way the artist鈥檚 voice naturally flows. This level of precision required a lot of effort and professionalism. The process takes exactly 48 hours to achieve this level of perfection.鈥�

The final result was a rendition of one of Maddah鈥檚 songs personalized with Nagham鈥檚 name, bringing his voice back to life for a deeply personal and moving moment.

Noor Al-Faraj, a data AI and automation expert at IBM and winner of the Saudi Authority for Data and Artificial Intelligence鈥檚 Enjaz Hackathon, sees AI as a tool that could push music beyond traditional boundaries.

鈥淎I can help generate melodies, experiment with different sounds, or even mix genres in ways we might not think of,鈥� Al-Faraj told Arab News. 鈥淚t鈥檚 making music creation more accessible, too 鈥� you don鈥檛 have to be a professional to use these tools and make something amazing.鈥�

However, Al-Faraj highlights the ethical concerns surrounding the technology. 鈥淪ince AI is trained on existing music, there鈥檚 always a chance it could accidentally copy something too closely.

鈥淎nd then there鈥檚 the question of ownership 鈥� if an AI tool creates a song, who owns it? The person using the tool? The company that made the AI? It鈥檚 a gray area that we鈥檙e still figuring out.鈥�

AI鈥檚 role should complement human creativity rather than replace it, she said. 鈥淭he goal isn鈥檛 to replace what humans create but to complement it with something different, something we鈥檝e never heard before.鈥�

AI is revolutionizing the music industry, offering tools to preserve the legacy of artistic greats like Maddah and push the boundaries of creativity.

From Al-Amoudi鈥檚 enthusiasm for AI鈥檚 potential to Al-Ojan鈥檚 emotionally charged recreation of Maddah鈥檚 voice for his daughter, these stories illustrate the transformative power of AI in music.