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Jordan’s King Abdullah says humanitarian access to the Gaza Strip cannot wait for a ceasefire

Update Jordan’s King Abdullah III meets with US Secretary of State Antony Blinken. (Petra News Agency)
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Jordan’s King Abdullah III meets with US Secretary of State Antony Blinken. (Petra News Agency)
Update Jordan’s King Abdullah says humanitarian access to the Gaza Strip cannot wait for a ceasefire
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Jordan’s King Abdullah III meets with Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas. (Petra News Agency)
Update Jordan’s King Abdullah says humanitarian access to the Gaza Strip cannot wait for a ceasefire
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Jordan’s King Abdullah III meets with UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres. (Petra News Agency)
Update Jordan’s King Abdullah says humanitarian access to the Gaza Strip cannot wait for a ceasefire
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Jordan’s King Abdullah III chairs an emergency international conference on the humanitarian response in Gaza. (Petra News Agency)
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Updated 12 June 2024

Jordan’s King Abdullah says humanitarian access to the Gaza Strip cannot wait for a ceasefire

Jordan’s King Abdullah says humanitarian access to the Gaza Strip cannot wait for a ceasefire
  • King stresses need for a strong coordination mechanism
  • He also held separate talks with the US secretary of state, UN chief and world leaders

DUBAI: Jordan’s King Abdullah said on Tuesday that humanitarian access to the Gaza Strip could not wait for a ceasefire and that Palestinians in Gaza were facing death and devastation.

Speaking at an emergency international conference at Jordan’s King Hussein bin Talal Convention Center, the king said: “We stand today at a critical juncture in human history. Our collective consciousness is being tested by the unfolding catastrophe in Gaza. Our very humanity is on the line.”

The Call for Action: Urgent Humanitarian Response for Gaza Conference, held at the invitation of King Abdullah, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi and UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, aimed to strengthen the international community’s response to the humanitarian disaster in the Gaza Strip.

King Abdullah said: “For eight relentless months, the people of Gaza have been suffering from death and devastation that have far surpassed any conflict in over 20 years.

“The specter of famine looms large. Trauma is ever-present, the effects of which will remain for generations. And every corner of Gaza is marred by ruin.

“The international humanitarian response in Gaza has been severely lacking, with the delivery of aid facing obstacles at every level. Humanitarian access cannot wait for a ceasefire and cannot be subject to the political agendas of any party.”

The king stressed the need for a strong coordination mechanism that included all parties on the ground, and effective and comprehensive disengagement between actors to ensure the ability of relief agencies to work, organize, and perform their duties safely, sufficiently and sustainably.

The war in Gaza has caused a humanitarian catastrophe for over 2.3 million Palestinians, leading to widespread famine, psychological suffering, and massive destruction. Access to food, water, housing, and medicine has become almost non-existent.

King Abdullah held talks with US Secretary of State Antony Blinken on the sidelines of the meeting. They discussed the recent ceasefire and hostage release deal that has been proposed by the Biden administration.

The US State Department said in a statement: “Blinken thanked King Abdullah for Jordan’s support for the deal and leadership in facilitating the delivery of lifesaving humanitarian assistance to Palestinians in Gaza.”

It “reiterated the US commitment to achieving durable peace and security in the region.”

The king noted the important role of the US in supporting the humanitarian response in Gaza, but “warned against undermining the efforts of UNRWA (UN Relief and Works Agency) in Gaza, adding that it represents a lifeline for nearly 2 million Palestinians in the sector,” the Jordan News Agency reported.

King Abdullah held a separate meeting with Guterres to discuss the role of UN agencies’ humanitarian response in Gaza, and called for an unimpeded flow of assistance to the region.

He also called for an immediate and permanent ceasefire in the besieged Palestinian territory which ensured the protection of civilians, and discussed ways to continue support for UNRWA so it could continue to carry out its work.

The Jordanian monarch also held a coordination meeting with El-Sisi and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas, in which they discussed the flow of aid, the ceasefire deal, and reaching “a just and comprehensive solution to the Palestinian issue on the basis of the two-state solution,” Petra said.

It added: “The king said international recognition, especially by European countries, of the state of Palestine is a positive step that must be built on.”

The three leaders warned against extremist settler attacks on Palestinians in the West Bank, and violations of Muslim and Christian holy sites in Jerusalem.

GCC Secretary General Jasem Albudaiwi during the same event condemned the Israeli occupation forces for their irresponsible and inhumane practices, which have had severe consequences for regional security and global stability.

In his speech, he reiterated the need for an immediate halt to the Israeli military operations that have disregarded humanitarian and legal boundaries.

Albudaiwi also strongly condemned the displacement of civilians and the targeting of hospitals, places of worship and UN facilities, and reaffirmed the “unwavering support of the GCC for the rights of the Palestinian people and condemned the aggression of the Israeli occupation forces.”

He lauded European countries who recently recognized the State of Palestine and urged others to follow suit, emphasizing the importance of respecting international laws and promoting human rights.


Palestinians trek across rubble to return to their homes as Gaza ceasefire takes hold

Palestinians trek across rubble to return to their homes as Gaza ceasefire takes hold
Updated 20 January 2025

Palestinians trek across rubble to return to their homes as Gaza ceasefire takes hold

Palestinians trek across rubble to return to their homes as Gaza ceasefire takes hold
  • Israel’s offensive has killed over 46,000 Palestinians in Gaza, more than half of them women and children
  • People celebrate despite vast scale of destruction and uncertain prospects for rebuilding, says one Gazan

KHAN YOUNIS, Gaza Strip: Even before the ceasefire deal between Israel and Hamas was fully in place Sunday, Palestinians in the war-battered Gaza Strip began to return to the remains of the homes they had evacuated during the 15-month war.
Majida Abu Jarad made quick work of packing the contents of her family’s tent in the sprawling tent city of Muwasi, just north of the strip’s southern border with Egypt.
At the start of the war, they were forced to flee their house in Gaza’s northern town of Beit Hanoun, where they used to gather around the kitchen table or on the roof on summer evenings amid the scent of roses and jasmine.
The house from those fond memories is gone, and for the past year, Abu Jarad, her husband and their six daughters have trekked the length of the Gaza Strip, following one evacuation order after another by the Israeli military.
Seven times they fled, she said, and each time, their lives became more unrecognizable to them as they crowded with strangers to sleep in a school classroom, searching for water in a vast tent camp or sleeping on the street.
Now the family is preparing to begin the trek home — or to whatever remains of it — and to reunite with relatives who remained in the north.
“As soon as they said that the truce would start on Sunday, we started packing our bags and deciding what we would take, not caring that we would still be living in tents,” Abu Jarad said.
The war in Gaza began when Hamas-led militants attacked southern Israel on Oct. 7, 2023, killing some 1,200 people, mostly civilians, and abducting around 250 people. Some 100 hostages are still inside Gaza, at least a third of whom are believed to be dead.
Israel’s offensive has killed more than 46,000 Palestinians in Gaza, more than half of them women and children, according to the Gaza Health Ministry, which does not say how many were combatants. Over 110,000 Palestinians have been wounded, it said. The Israeli military says it has killed over 17,000 militants, without providing evidence.
The Israeli military’s bombardment has flattened large swaths of Gaza and displaced 1.9 million of its 2.3 million residents.
Even before the ceasefire officially took effect — and as tank shelling continued overnight and into the morning — many Palestinians began trekking through the wreckage to reach their homes, some on foot and others hauling their belongings on donkey carts.
“They’re returning to retrieve their loved ones under the rubble,” said Mohamed Mahdi, a displaced Palestinian and father of two. He was forced to leave his three-story home in Gaza City’s southeastern Zaytoun neighborhood a few months ago,
Mahdi managed to reach his home Sunday morning, walking amid the rubble from western Gaza. On the road he said he saw the Hamas-run police force being deployed to the streets in Gaza City, helping people returning to their homes.
Despite the vast scale of the destruction and uncertain prospects for rebuilding, “people were celebrating,” he said. “They are happy. They started clearing the streets and removing the rubble of their homes. It’s a moment they’ve waited for 15 months.”
Um Saber, a 48-year-old widow and mother of six children, returned to her hometown of Beit Lahiya. She asked to be identified only by her honorific, meaning “mother of Saber,” out of safety concerns.
Speaking by phone, she said her family had found bodies in the street as they trekked home, some of whom appeared to have been lying in the open for weeks.
When they reached Beit Lahiya, they found their home and much of the surrounding area reduced to rubble, she said. Some families immediately began digging through the debris in search of missing loved ones. Others began trying to clear areas where they could set up tents.
Um Saber said she also found the area’s Kamal Adwan hospital “completely destroyed.”
“It’s no longer a hospital at all,” she said. “They destroyed everything.”
The hospital has been hit multiple times over the past three months by Israeli forces waging an offensive in largely isolated northern Gaza against Hamas fighters it says have regrouped.
The military has claimed that Hamas militants operate inside Kamal Adwan, which hospital officials have denied.
In Gaza’s southern city of Rafah, residents returned to find massive destruction across the city that was once a hub for displaced families fleeing Israel’s bombardment elsewhere in the Palestinian enclave. Some found human remains amid the rubble of houses and the streets.
“It’s an indescribable scene. It’s like you see a Hollywood horror movie,” said Mohamed Abu Taha, a Rafah resident, speaking to The Associated Press as he and his brother were inspecting his family home in the city’s Salam neighborhood. “Flattened houses, human remains, skulls and other body parts, in the street and in the rubble.”
He shared footage of piles of rubble he said had been his family’s house. “I want to know how they destroyed our home.”
The returns come amid looming uncertainty regarding whether the ceasefire deal will bring more than a temporary halt to the fighting, who will govern the enclave and how it will be rebuilt.
Not all families will be able to return home immediately. Under the terms of the deal, returning displaced people will only be able to cross the Netzarim corridor from south to north beginning seven days into the ceasefire.
And those who do return may face a long wait to rebuild their houses.
The United Nations has said that reconstruction could take more than 350 years if Gaza remains under an Israeli blockade. Using satellite data, the United Nations estimated last month that 69 percent of the structures in Gaza have been damaged or destroyed, including over 245,000 homes. With over 100 trucks working full-time, it would take more than 15 years just to clear the rubble away,
But for many families, the immediate relief overrode fears about the future.
“We will remain in a tent, but the difference is that the bleeding will stop, the fear will stop, and we will sleep reassured,” Abu Jarad said.


Who are the Israelis released on the first day of the ceasefire?

(Clockwise) Romi Gonen, Emily Damari and Doron Steinbrecher. (AP file photo)
(Clockwise) Romi Gonen, Emily Damari and Doron Steinbrecher. (AP file photo)
Updated 20 January 2025

Who are the Israelis released on the first day of the ceasefire?

(Clockwise) Romi Gonen, Emily Damari and Doron Steinbrecher. (AP file photo)
  • Around 100 hostages still remain in Gaza, after the rest were released, rescued, or their bodies were recovered

JERUSALEM: Three hostages held by Hamas were released Sunday after 471 days in captivity as part of a ceasefire between Israel and the Palestinian militant group. A gradual release of dozens of captives over the next several weeks has been agreed on.
The truce and release of hostages sparked hope and trepidation among Israelis. Many fear that the three-phase deal could collapse before all the hostages return, or that they will arrive in poor health. Others worry that the number of captives who have died is more than predicted.
Some 250 people were kidnapped during Hamas’ Oct. 7, 2023, attack that triggered 15 months of war. Around 100 hostages still remain in Gaza, after the rest were released, rescued, or their bodies were recovered.
Hours before Sunday’s ceasefire, which many hope is the first step to end the war, Israel announced that it had retrieved the body of Oron Shaul, a soldier who was killed in the 2014 Israel-Hamas war and whose remains have been held by the militants since then.
Here’s a look at the three hostages released on Sunday:
Romi Gonen, 24
Romi Gonen was kidnapped from the Nova music festival in southern Israel on Oct. 7, 2023. That morning, Gonen’s mother, Merav, and her eldest daughter spent nearly five hours speaking to Gonen as militants marauded through the festival grounds. Gonen told her family that roads clogged with abandoned cars made escape impossible and that she would seek shelter in some bushes.
Then she said words that continue to echo in her mother’s head every day. “Mommy I was shot, the car was shot, everybody was shot. ... I am wounded and bleeding. Mommy, I think I’m going to die,” she recounted Romi as saying, in a press conference a few weeks after the abduction.
At a loss for what to do, Merav Gonen tried to convince her daughter that she wasn’t going to die, to start breathing and treat her wounded friends. According to Merav, Romi’s last word during the call was a shriek of “Mommy!” as approaching gunfire and the men’s shouts drowned out everything.
Then the phone shut off. Israeli authorities identified her phone’s location in Gaza.
Over the past 15 months, Merav Gonen has been one of the most outspoken voices advocating for the return of the hostages, appearing nearly daily on Israeli news programs and traveling abroad on missions.
“We are doing everything we can so the world will not forget,” she told The Associated Press on the six-month anniversary of Hamas’ attack. “Every day we wake up and take a big breath, deep breath, and continue walking, continue doing the things that will bring her back.”
Emily Damari, 28
Emily Damari is a British-Israeli citizen kidnapped from her apartment on Kibbutz Kfar Aza, a communal farming village hit hard by Hamas’ assault. She lived in a small apartment in a neighborhood for young adults, the closest part of the kibbutz to Gaza. Militants broke through the border fence of the kibbutz and ransacked the neighborhood.
Damari’s mother, Mandy, said she loves music, traveling, soccer, good food, karaoke and hats. Kibbutz Kfar Aza said that Damari was often the “glue that held her close-knit friend group together” and she was always organizing gatherings of friends around the best barbecue corner in the entire kibbutz.
On Sunday, Mandy released a statement of thanks for supporters “who never stopped saying her name.”
“After 471 days Emily is finally home,” she said.
Doron Steinbrecher, 31
Doron Steinbrecher is a veterinary nurse who loves animals, and a neighbor to Damari in Kibbutz Kfar Aza. Steinbrecher holds both Israeli and Romanian citizenship.
At 10:20 a.m. on Oct. 7, 2023, Steinbrecher called her mother. “Mom, I’m scared. I’m hiding under the bed and I hear them trying to enter my apartment,” her brother, Dor, recalled. She was able to send a voice message to her friends. “They’ve got me! They’ve got me! They’ve got me!” in the moments of her abduction.
That message was key in helping her family understand that Doron had been kidnapped.
Steinbrecher was featured in a video released by Hamas on Jan. 26, 2024, along with two female Israeli soldiers. Her brother said the video gave them hope that she was alive but sparked concern because she looked tired, weak, and gaunt.
In total, militants killed 64 people and 22 soldiers, and kidnapped 19 people from Kibbutz Kfar Aza on Oct. 7. With the return of Steinbrecher and Damari, there are still three members of the kibbutz held in Gaza: American-Israeli Keith Siegel, 65, and twins Gali and Ziv Berman, 27.
Remains of Oron Shaul, 20

This undated photo provided by Hostages Family Forum shows Israeli soldier Oron Shaul, who was killed during the 2014 war and whose body has been held by Hamas until Israeli soldiers recovered his body on January 19, 2025. (AP)

Oron Shaul was a soldier killed on July 20, 2014, during fighting between Israel and Hamas. His body and that of another soldier, Hadar Goldin, had been held by militants since then despite a public campaign to return them by their families.
The Hostages Families Forum, which represents relatives of the captives, called the Shaul family an “inseparable part” of the group.
Militants still hold the bodies of Goldin as well as two Israelis who crossed into Gaza in 2014 and 2015 on their own.
 

 


Israel frees 90 Palestinian prisoners as ceasefire takes hold after Hamas returns 3 Israeli hostages

Israel frees 90 Palestinian prisoners as ceasefire takes hold after Hamas returns 3 Israeli hostages
Updated 20 January 2025

Israel frees 90 Palestinian prisoners as ceasefire takes hold after Hamas returns 3 Israeli hostages

Israel frees 90 Palestinian prisoners as ceasefire takes hold after Hamas returns 3 Israeli hostages
  • The fighting has killed tens of thousands, destroyed large areas and displaced most of the population
  • Itamar Ben-Gvir’s departure weakens Netanyahu’s coalition but will not affect the truce

RAMALLAH, West Bank: The first three hostages were released from Gaza and the first Palestinian prisoners were freed from Israeli custody as the fragile ceasefire between Israel and Hamas took hold following 15 months of war, with mixed emotions and more difficult steps ahead over the next six weeks.
Palestinians across Gaza began making their way home, and the first trucks with a surge of humanitarian aid began to enter the devastated territory.
The ceasefire that began on Sunday morning raises hopes for ending the devastating conflict and returning the nearly 100 remaining hostages abducted in Hamas’ Oct. 7, 2023, attack. But major questions remain about whether fighting will resume after the six-week first phase.
First came the release of Emily Damari, 28; Romi Gonen, 24, and Doron Steinbrecher, 31, in a tense handover to the Red Cross on a Gaza City street. Footage showed them surrounded by a crowd of thousands, accompanied by masked, armed men wearing green Hamas headbands.
The women were taken to Israeli forces and then into Israel, where they hugged family members fiercely and wept. Damari was shown raising her bandaged hand in triumph. The military said she lost two fingers in the Oct. 7 attack.
In Tel Aviv, thousands of people who gathered to watch the news on large screens erupted in applause. For months, many had gathered in the square weekly to demand a ceasefire deal.
“An entire nation embraces you,” Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said.
Over seven hours later, the first Palestinian prisoners were released. They had been detained for what Israel called offenses related to its security, from throwing stones to more serious accusations such as attempted murder.
Israel’s military, which occupies the West Bank, warned Palestinians against public celebration — the release took place after 1 a.m. — but crowds thronged the buses after they left the prison, some people climbing on top or waving flags, including those of Hamas.
There were fireworks and whistles, and shouts of “God is great.” Those released were hoisted onto others’ shoulders or embraced.
The most prominent detainee freed was Khalida Jarrar, 62, a member of a secular leftist faction that was involved in attacks against Israel in the 1970s but later scaled back militant activities. Since her arrest in late 2023, she was held under indefinitely renewable administrative detention orders that were criticized by human rights groups.
The next release of hostages and prisoners is due on Saturday, with 33 hostages and nearly 2,000 Palestinian prisoners and detainees to be freed over the ceasefire’s 42-day first phase. In just over two weeks, talks are to begin on the far more challenging second phase.
This is just the second ceasefire in the war, longer and more consequential than a weeklong pause in November 2023, with the potential to end the fighting for good.
But Netanyahu, who had been under pressure from both the Biden administration and President-elect Donald Trump to achieve a deal before Monday’s US inauguration, has said he has Trump’s backing to continue fighting if necessary.
Meanwhile, Israel’s hard-line national security minister said his Jewish Power faction was quitting the government in protest over the ceasefire, reflecting the political friction that some Israelis said delayed a deal. Itamar Ben-Gvir’s departure weakens Netanyahu’s coalition but will not affect the truce.
‘Joy mixed with pain’
Across Gaza, there was relief and grief. The fighting has killed tens of thousands, destroyed large areas and displaced most of the population.
“This ceasefire was a joy mixed with pain, because my son was martyred in this war,” said Rami Nofal, a displaced man from Gaza City.
Masked militants appeared at some celebrations, where crowds chanted slogans in support of them, according to Associated Press reporters in Gaza. The Hamas-run police began deploying in public after mostly lying low due to Israeli airstrikes.
Some families set off for home on foot, their belongings loaded on donkey carts.
In the southern city of Rafah, residents returned to find massive destruction. Some found human remains in the rubble, including skulls.
“It’s like you see in a Hollywood horror movie,” resident Mohamed Abu Taha said as he inspected the ruins of his family’s home.
Already, Israeli forces were pulling back from areas. Residents of Beit Lahiya and Jabaliya in northern Gaza told the AP they didn’t see Israeli troops there.
One resident said they saw bodies in the streets that appeared to have been there for weeks.
Israelis divided over deal
In Israel, people remained divided over the agreement.
Asher Pizem, 35, from the city of Sderot, said the deal had merely postponed the next confrontation with Hamas. He also criticized Israel for allowing aid into Gaza, saying it would contribute to the militant group’s revival.
“They will take the time and attack again,” he said while viewing Gaza’s smoldering ruins from a small hill in southern Israel with other Israelis gathered there.
When President Joe Biden was asked Sunday whether he has any concerns about Hamas regrouping, he said no.
Immense toll
The toll of the war has been immense, and new details will now emerge. The head of the Rafah municipality in Gaza, Ahmed Al-Sufi, said a large part of the infrastructure, including water, electricity and road networks, was destroyed, in addition to thousands of homes.
There should be a surge of humanitarian aid, with hundreds of trucks entering Gaza daily, far more than Israel allowed before. The UN humanitarian agency said more than 630 trucks with aid entered on Sunday, with at least 300 going to hard-hit northern Gaza.
“This is a moment of tremendous hope,” humanitarian chief Tom Fletcher said.
Over 46,000 Palestinians have been killed, according to Gaza’s Health Ministry, which says women and children make up more than half the fatalities but does not distinguish between civilians and fighters.
The Hamas-led attack on southern Israel that sparked the war killed over 1,200 people, mostly civilians, and militants abducted around 250 others. More than 100 hostages were freed during the weeklong ceasefire in November 2023.
Some 90 percent of Gaza’s population has been displaced. Rebuilding — if the ceasefire reaches its final phase — will take several years at least. Major questions about Gaza’s future, political and otherwise, remain unresolved.

 


WHO says needs full Gaza access during Israel-Hamas truce

WHO says needs full Gaza access during Israel-Hamas truce
Updated 20 January 2025

WHO says needs full Gaza access during Israel-Hamas truce

WHO says needs full Gaza access during Israel-Hamas truce

GENEVA: The World Health Organization said Sunday it was ready to pour much-needed aid into Gaza during the Israel-Hamas truce, but that it would need “systematic access” across the territory to do so.
Much of the Gaza Strip’s health infrastructure has been destroyed by the more than year-long war between Israel and Palestinian militant group Hamas before a ceasefire took hold on Sunday.
WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus welcomed the ceasefire, posting on social media that it would “bring great hope for millions of people whose lives have been ravaged by the conflict.”
But he added that “addressing the massive health needs and restoring the health system in Gaza will be a complex and challenging task, given the scale of destruction, operational complexity and constraints involved.”
While the United Nations’ health body was “ready to scale up the response” to address the territory’s critical needs, it said in a statement that “it is critical that the security obstacles hindering operations are removed.”
“WHO will need conditions on the ground that allow systematic access to the population across Gaza, enabling the influx of aid via all possible borders and routes, and lifting restrictions on the entry of essential items,” the agency said in a statement.
Until the truce, Israel had complete control over the volume and nature of aid allowed into Gaza.
Warning that the “health challenges ahead are immense,” the Geneva-based agency estimated the cost of rebuilding Gaza’s battered health system in the years to come at “billions in investment.”
Last week the WHO put the figure at more than $10 billion.
“Only half of Gaza’s 36 hospitals remain partially operational, nearly all hospitals are damaged or partly destroyed, and just 38 percent of primary health care centers are functional,” the WHO said.
Basing its figures on those provided by the health ministry in the Hamas-run territory, which the UN considers reliable, the WHO put the war’s toll in Gaza at more than 46,600 people killed and over 110,000 wounded.
A quarter of those wounded “face life-changing injuries and will need ongoing rehabilitation,” the UN body estimated.
Around 12,000 people need to be evacuated for urgent treatment elsewhere, it added, while warning the destruction of health infrastructure had had knock-on effects.
The WHO also expressed concern over the “breakdown of public order, exacerbated by armed gangs” interfering with aid deliveries to Gaza.


Why Turkiye is so influential in post-Assad Syria

Why Turkiye is so influential in post-Assad Syria
Updated 20 January 2025

Why Turkiye is so influential in post-Assad Syria

Why Turkiye is so influential in post-Assad Syria
  • Syria’s de facto leader, Ahmed Al-Sharaa, who heads HTS, has said he does not want Syria becoming a platform for the PKK to launch attacks against Turkiye

ANKARA: Turkiye has emerged as one of the most influential power brokers in Syria after rebels toppled Bashar Assad last month, ending his family’s brutal five-decade rule.
NATO member Turkiye is now in a position to influence its neighbor’s future diplomatically, economically and militarily.
Here are details of Turkiye’s connections with Syria and how it hopes to use its influence there.

WHY IS TURKEY IMPORTANT?
Turkiye, which shares a 911 km (566-mile) border with Syria, was the main backer of rebel groups fighting under the banner of the Syrian National Army during the 13-year uprising against Assad. It cut diplomatic ties with Damascus in 2012.
It is the biggest host of Syrians who fled the civil war, taking in some 3 million people, and is the main entry-point for aid.
Since 2016, Turkiye, with its Syrian allies, has mounted several cross-border military campaigns against Kurdish militants based in Syria’s northeast that it sees as a threat to its national security.
Syria’s new administration, led by Hayat Tahrir Al-Sham (HTS), a former Al-Qaeda affiliate, is friendly toward Ankara.

WHAT DOES TURKEY WANT?
With its strong ties to Syria’s new leadership, Turkiye stands to benefit from intensified trade and cooperation in areas including reconstruction, energy and defense.
Assad’s fall has presented Ankara with a window of opportunity to try to end the presence of the Kurdish People’s Protection Units (YPG) along its borders.
Ankara views the YPG as an extension of the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), which has been waging an insurgency against the Turkish state since 1984 and is deemed a terrorist group by Turkiye, the United States and the European Union.
The YPG militia spearheads the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) alliance, which is the United States’ main local partner in the fight against Daesh and controls swathes of territory in the northeast.
Washington’s longtime support of the Kurdish factions has been a source of tension with Ankara, but Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan has said he believes incoming US president Donald Trump will take a different approach.
Trump has not said publicly what his plans might be but has said that he thinks “Turkiye is going to hold the key to Syria.”
Syria’s de facto leader, Ahmed Al-Sharaa, who heads HTS, has said he does not want Syria becoming a platform for the PKK to launch attacks against Turkiye.
As rebels led by Sharaa took control of Damascus last month, fighting flared between Turkish-backed and Kurdish-led forces in the northeast.
The SDF has shown flexibility regarding some of Turkiye’s demands, telling Reuters last month that its foreign fighters, including PKK members, would leave Syria if Ankara agrees to a ceasefire.
Intensive talks are underway to try to resolve the conflict in the region.

WHAT HAS TURKEY SAID AND DONE?
Turkiye’s intelligence chief, Ibrahim Kalin, was in Damascus days after Assad was ousted, and its top diplomat, Fidan, was the first foreign minister to visit. Turkiye was also the first nation to reopen its embassy.
Fidan has said that Turkiye is proud to have been “on the right side of history” in Syria but has no desire to “dominate” it.
Turkiye has promised to support Syria’s reconstruction, offering to help rebuild infrastructure, draft a new constitution, supply electricity and resume flights.
It hopes Syrians it is hosting will start returning home but has said it will not force them to leave.
Turkiye has also called repeatedly for the YPG to be disbanded, while warning of a new military offensive if authorities in Damascus do not address the issue. Its officials have met repeatedly with US and Syrian counterparts about the issue.
The SDF has said it would be willing to integrate with Syria’s defense ministry, but only as “a military bloc.”