抖阴短视频

LONDON: The Americans have a name for it 鈥� 鈥淧ermania鈥� 鈥� which they use to describe the frantic, even crazy, activity around the shale oil fields of West Texas.
In the past four years, the global energy market has been stood on its head by the boom in US crude production, to the point where the Americans are now producing more oil than 抖阴短视频 and will soon overtake the world鈥檚 biggest producer, Russia.
The US鈥檚 10 million barrels of oil per day account for roughly 10 percent of global output, and, as domestic demand for energy is saturated, they are being exported increasingly to the rest of the world.
That boom has unhinged the global oil market. The price collapse of 2014, the 鈥淰ienna Alliance鈥� between OPEC countries and Russia, and the fiscal challenges of countries in the Gulf, are all down to the shale boom.
Sara Ortwein, president of Exxon Mobil鈥檚 shale business XTO Energy, told the CERAWeek by IHS Markit conference in Houston, Texas this week: 鈥淎 decade ago, the idea of exporting US crude would have been seen as preposterous. Now, we have enough to satisfy US energy needs and sell it to the rest of the world.鈥�
The Permian basin, west of Houston, Texas, and straddling New Mexico, is at the heart of the revolution. It produces 25 percent of American oil output, and has virtually changed the global oil equation on its own.
For traditional exporters like 抖阴短视频, it presents a big question: To join the party in Texas and other US shale fields, or to stick to pumping crude from the sands and seas of the Middle East?
鈥淲e have the golden goose, right before us,鈥� said Tim Dove of Pioneer Natural Resources, one of the leading shale companies and among the first to exploit the Permian around the turn of the millennium. 鈥淲e don鈥檛 drill dry holes, because we know the oil is there. Technology will only make it better. The sky is the limit,鈥� he told the CERAWeek.
In a throwaway line, he seemed rather pleased about how he and other shale producers have caused confusion in the ranks of the traditional producers.
鈥淚 think that OPEC is impressed by what we鈥檝e done, even if they are trying to get their arms about what it all means.鈥�
He was speaking after a meeting with OPEC officials and traditional oil company executives in one of the many power-broking dinners around the CERAWeek venue.
It was the second year that OPEC had invited the shale barons to break bread in an attempt to end the undeclared hostilities between traditional oil producers and the Texans in place since the fall in prices in summer 2014.
Mohammed Barkindo, Opec general secretary, explains how the 鈥減eace鈥� talks had come about. 鈥淲e agreed last year to continue the dialogue with the Sahel industry. The last stage of the oil cycle has been the most injurious for all our members, and to everybody in the world. We all suffered. We had been operating in silos and we agreed to talk to the shale industry.鈥�
Barkindo insisted that the meeting did not discuss oil prices or deals on limiting output, and Dove pointed out that US anti-cartel laws would make such agreements illegal.
鈥淵ou cannot have these kind of talks in the US. We were invited and we went along. As far as I鈥檓 concerned, the dinner was congenial, and it may well become an annual event,鈥� Dove said.
There has been speculation that some OPEC members might seek to do deals with shale producers as a way of balancing their portfolios and getting exposure to the upside in shale.
Amin Nasser, chief executive of Saudi Aramco, said that the company was always looking to get involved in growth areas, but he did not specify which ones.
But some in Houston questioned whether the shale industry had cured the 鈥渂oom or bust鈥� cycle of the past, when falling oil prices led to withdrawal of financial support from investors.
Others pointed out that shale still faced big problems in overcoming pipeline and shipping challenges, as well as opposition from the environmental lobby.
Mark Pappa, one of the pioneers of shale finance via his company EOG Resources, said that shale forecasts were too optimistic, and that the industry was exploiting cheap and easy assets that would quickly be exhausted.
鈥淚f shale does disappoint over the next four to five years, there are not a lot of safety valves in the system,鈥� he said.
Dove dismissed these fears, pointing out that the shale industry鈥檚 cost breakeven price was only $19 per barrel. 鈥淭here is no downturn price that would affect our profitability until it gets to below $40 a barrel,鈥� he said.
Nonetheless, Papp鈥檚 skepticism was a wake-up call in Houston for an industry that was basking in its own considerable achievements.
But the convinced 鈥淧ermaniacs鈥� remained optimistic. Ortwein, who suggests the Permian could eventually be producing five million barrels of oil per day, half the total output of 抖阴短视频, said: 鈥淧ermania is not a fad, it is permanent.鈥�