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NEW YORK: Bitcoins can buy you a TAG Heuer watch, a cross-country flight or a meatball marinara sub.
Purchases with bitcoin and other digital currencies remain rare relative to cash and credit cards. Many bitcoin holders value it more as an investment than a day-to-day currency.
And the complex workings behind the notoriously volatile currency can be off-putting to neophytes. What are the fees? Are there taxes? How do you spend a currency that can devalue dramatically between ordering appetizers and paying the check?
Buying with bitcoin can be as easy as tapping your phone, though there are some cautions. A look at a single bitcoin transaction, the sale of a 2017 Subaru from an upstate New York car dealer to a buyer from Virginia, offers some insights into the currency鈥檚 uses.
IN BUSINESS WITH BITCOIN
Eugene Rubinchuk didn鈥檛 get into digital currency for the anonymity or to strike a blow against centralized banking. He was just looking for more business.
Rubinchuk and his father, who goes by 鈥淢ike the Russian,鈥� already ham it up in local TV commercials for Michael鈥檚 Auto Plaza wearing furry hats. Digital currency is just another potential edge.
鈥淚t鈥檚 just a way to reach customers we normally couldn鈥檛 reach, that normally wouldn鈥檛 think of us,鈥� he said.
The cars and truck on the lot near Albany are priced in US dollars. Rubinchuk simply signed up for one of the services that allowed him to accept digital currencies if a bitcoin buyer came along.
CASHING IN CRYPTOCURRENCY
Jonathan Cypert got into bitcoin early and made out well.
In 2011, he read about a 2-year-old currency skyrocketing in value and soon invested $2,000 in computers to 鈥渕ine鈥� bitcoins for about a year and a half. That鈥檚 the complicated process that rewards tech-savvy participants for verifying bitcoin transactions in its public ledger, called the blockchain.
When he started, a single bitcoin was worth around $2.50. By the time he was ready to buy a used, low-mileage Subaru for his wife, a bitcoin was worth over $14,000.
The 32-year-old Virginia resident sees his bitcoin cache as a nest egg to tide him over after he retires from the military. (Wary of attracting scammers, Cypert requested that his hometown and military branch not be made public). The purchase gave him a chance to recoup his investment many times over with a fraction of his cache.
鈥淎t this point it鈥檚 like, why not?鈥� Cypert said. 鈥淚 might as well realize some of that gain.鈥�
BITCOIN BARGAINING
Rubinchuk and Cypert talked on the phone on the evening of Jan. 2 and settled on a sale price on the Subaru WRX STI of $34,640.
Then they had to agree on what that equaled in bitcoins judging by the exchange rates that moment. Tracking bitcoin prices on their screens, the pair agreed to proceed with one bitcoin equaling about $14,755. Cypert sent 2.34790481 bitcoins from his personal electronic wallet to the public address of Rubinchuk鈥檚 wallet.
Cypert also paid a fee of about $3.50, which goes to reward miners and keep the system running.
Then Rubinchuk watched bitcoin鈥檚 value go up and down as he waited to convert his digital money into dollars.
BLOCKCHAIN BLUES
Rubinchuk wanted to convert quickly in case bitcoin鈥檚 value suddenly dropped against the dollar, costing him money. The fear is well-founded, since bitcoin鈥檚 value can gain or lose more than $400 in a half-hour.
But the digital currency service he uses required him to wait for multiple confirmations from the bitcoin network before he could convert it into dollars, a process that can be affected by network congestion and other factors. Rubinchuk recalls waiting about 30 to 45 minutes.
鈥淚鈥檓 sitting there on pins and needles checking every five minutes if it鈥檚 available,鈥� he said.
Rubinchuk converted the sale into dollars with bitcoin just slightly below where it was at the time of the sale earlier that evening. He made about $7 less than the sale price.
The money was in his business鈥檚 bank account within 48 hours.
Rubinchuk soon after signed up for a separate merchant account through another provider that assesses him a 1 percent fee on all transactions, insulating him from short-term volatility. He compares it favorably to credit card fees that run 2 to 3 percent for merchants.
KEEPING IT LEGAL
Digital currencies are notoriously used by criminals to transfer funds anonymously. But Rubinchuk told the tax collector about this transaction.
In a standard IRS form for cash payments over $10,000, he reported the money he received, from whom it came and the fact that it originated 鈥渧ia bitcoin.鈥�
Cypert avoided sales tax under a federal law covering service members that lets him retain his official residency in Alaska, which does not have a sales tax.
But he will pay taxes on a long-term capital gain.
YOUR TIME MAY VARY
Bitcoin miner fees have dropped markedly this year, and advocates say congestion issues are being solved by new technologies. Rubinchuk waited about 15 minutes to make a dollar exchange last week for his second bitcoin sale, a 2016 Hyundai Elantra.
And recently in Hillsboro, Oregon, Jeff Hanzlik bought $288 worth of marijuana-growing supplies from a store in a transaction that took a few minutes to finalize. He transmitted 0.03305451 in bitcoins from his phone, which read a code on the merchant鈥檚 tablet. The same phone app allowed Hanzlik to choose to pay about a quarter in fees.
鈥淥nce you understand what this technology is and this genie鈥檚 out of the bottle, you鈥檙e not going to have any choice but to be using it in the future,鈥� Hanzlik said.
But the bitcoin network at this stage is still not suited to smaller, everyday transactions, said Christian Catalini, founder of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology鈥檚 Cryptoeconomics Lab.
鈥淚f you鈥檙e thinking about paying for coffee in bitcoin, that鈥檚 not what it鈥檚 good at right now,鈥� he said. 鈥淭hings can change.鈥�